HIVE Functions

show functions;

DESCRIBE FUNCTION <function_name>;
describe function month         or            describe function extended month;

https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/LanguageManual+UDF#LanguageManualUDF-Built-inOperators

Eg:
SELECT round(cgp) from student_record where student_id=15;

Date and time functions:

set hive.cli.print.header=true;

select *, from_unixtime(CAST(tmp_time.time/1000 as BIGINT), 'yyyy-MM-dd') as created_timestamp from tmp_time;
OK
tmp_time.time tmp_time.name created_timestamp


1406185200000 Leela 2014-07-24

select unix_timestamp('2018-06-04 11:06:38', 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss') as s from tmp_time LIMIT 1;

1528110398

Note: This conversion can be done only up-till seconds and milliseconds conversion is not possible as unix functions only support seconds. Refer https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31701847/hives-unix-timestamp-and-from-unixtime-functions 

describe country_times;


select month(country_times.time) from country_times;
select day(country_times.time) as Day from country_times;

country_times.time      country_times.country   country_times.continent
12/14/2016 0:00 India   Asia
7/26/2016 0:00  Pak     Asia
10/18/2016 0:00 Jamica  South America
7/15/2016 0:00  USA     North America
8/23/2016 0:00  France  Europe
2009-07-30 12:58:59     Sri Lanka       Asia

hive> select * from time_tmp;;
OK
1 2014-08-01 09:45:22
Time taken: 0.101 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
hive> select *,from_unixtime(unix_timestamp(time_tmp.tme ,'yyyy-mm-dd'), 'dd-mm-yyyy hh:mm:ss') from time_tmp;
OK
1 2014-08-01 09:45:22 01-08-2014 12:08:00
Time taken: 0.085 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

select from_unixtime(unix_timestamp(country_times.time ,'MM/dd/yyyy'), 'yyyy-MM-dd') from country_times;

select from_unixtime(unix_timestamp(country_times.time ,'MM/dd/yyyy'), 'yyyy-MMM-dd') from country_times;

select from_unixtime(unix_timestamp(country_times.time ,'MM/dd/yyyy'), 'dd-MMM-yyyy') from country_times;

select from_unixtime(unix_timestamp(country_times.time ,'MM/dd/yyyy'), 'DD-MMM-yyyy') from country_times;

select from_unixtime(unix_timestamp(country_times.time ,'MM/dd/yyyy'), 'EEE, MMM d, ''yy') from country_times;

Custom Functions:

UDF - applied on a single row eg: day()
UDAF - User defined Aggregrate Functions eg: Min() - Applied to set of rows

UDTF - User defined Transactional functions - transform a single input row to multiple output rows - Eg: json_tuple()

JSON file parsing

{"country":"US","page":227,"data":{"ad":{"impressions":{"s":10,"o":10}}}}

CREATE TABLE hive_parsing_json_table ( json string );

LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH  '/tmp/hive-parsing-json.json' INTO TABLE hive_parsing_json_table;

LATERAL VIEW - forms a virtual table having the supplied table alias

select v1.Country, v1.Page, v4.impressions_s, v4.impressions_o 
from hive_parsing_json_table hpjp
     LATERAL VIEW json_tuple(hpjp.json, 'country', 'page', 'data') v1
     as Country, Page, data
     LATERAL VIEW json_tuple(v1.data, 'ad') v2
     as Ad
     LATERAL VIEW json_tuple(v2.Ad, 'impressions') v3
     as Impressions
     LATERAL VIEW json_tuple(v3.Impressions, 's' , 'o') v4
     as impressions_s,impressions_o; 

To flatten the multiline json to a single line JSON

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE StudentsRaw (textcol string) STORED AS TEXTFILE LOCATION '/user/hadoop/Leela/Json';


CREATE TABLE StudentsOneLine(json_body string);

INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE StudentsOneLine
    SELECT CONCAT_WS(' ',COLLECT_LIST(textcol)) AS singlelineJSON
           FROM (SELECT INPUT__FILE__NAME,BLOCK__OFFSET__INSIDE__FILE, textcol FROM StudentsRaw DISTRIBUTE BY INPUT__FILE__NAME SORT BY BLOCK__OFFSET__INSIDE__FILE) x
           GROUP BY INPUT__FILE__NAME;     //This statement does the flattening job

Generate the create statement for an existing hive table

SHOW CREATE TABLE shows the CREATE TABLEstatement that creates a given table.

Eg: SHOW CREATE TABLE myTable;

COALESCE function:

Of the fields above (field1, field2, … , fieldn), for each record returned it returns the value of the first field of the ones listed in the COALESCE function that is not NULL. If all of the fields are NULL, it returns NULL.

For example, let’s say one had 3 date fields, datefield1, datefield2, and datefield3from the table tblDates.

TBLDATES
PRIMARY_KEY	DATEFIELD1	DATEFIELD2	DATEFIELD3
1	NULL	NULL	1993-06-04

The code:

SELECT COALESCE(datefield1, datefield2, datefield3) as first_date_found
FROM
tblDates
WHERE
primary_key = 1

will return ‘1993-06-04’

Usecase of COALESCE follow http://www.thelandbeyondspreadsheets.com/what-is-the-hive-sql-coalesce-function-what-does-it-do-and-why-on-earth-is-it-useful/

Difference between COALESCE and NVL functions:

NVL

Syntax - NVL(arg1, arg2)

This will replace arg1 with arg2 if arg1 value is NULL

Example -

NVL(value, default value)  

Returns default value if value is null else returns value 

COALESCE

Syntax - coalesce(value1, value 2, …value n)

This will return the first value that is not NULL, or NULL if all values's are NULL

Example

coalesce(email,phonenumber,address)  

 

If customer primary contact medium is email, if email is null then use phonenumber, and if phonenumber is also null then use address 

So now to understand the context NVL takes only two arguments while coalesce gives more flexibility to use different fields in an order of preference when one is NULL.

Create Sequence numbering for rows for a Hive table / Primary key / unique key creation in Hive.

add jar hdfs:////user/HiveHbase/hive-contrib-1.1.0.jar;

CREATE TEMPORARY FUNCTION row_sequence as 
'org.apache.hadoop.hive.contrib.udf.UDFRowSequence';

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tbl1
(
ID int,
name  String
) row format delimited fields terminated by ' ' stored as textfile;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tbl2
(
RowID BigInt,
ID int,
name  String
) row format delimited fields terminated by ' ' stored as textfile;

INSERT INTO TABLE tbl1 values(56,"Name1");
INSERT INTO TABLE tbl1 values(57,"Name2");
INSERT INTO TABLE tbl1 values(58,"Name3");
INSERT INTO TABLE tbl1 values(59,"Name4");

INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE tbl2 SELECT row_sequence(), * FROM tbl1;

INSERT INTO TABLE tbl1 values(60,"Name5");
INSERT INTO TABLE tbl1 values(61,"Name6");

INSERT INTO TABLE tbl2 SELECT m.max+row_sequence(), * FROM tbl1 where ID > 59 ;

insert into table tbl2
select m.max+row_sequence() as inc , t.*
from (select * from tbl1 where ID > 59) t
join
(select max(RowID) as max from tbl2) m;


Source: http://kiran-javaworld.blogspot.in/2016/11/hive-auto-increment-column-incrementing.html

Alternate ways are: 
1. Use the reflect UDF to generate UUIDs.
eg: reflect("java.util.UUID", "randomUUID")

2. USING row_number(). This is Hive's inbuild function. This can be used as like row_sequence(), however max() is not available for this. so use 
select row_number() over() as colvals from tbl2 order by colvals desc LIMIT 1;


insert into table tbl2
select m.colvals +row_sequence() as inc , t.*
from (select * from tbl1 where ID > 65) t
join
(select row_number() over() as colvals from tbl2 order by colvals desc LIMIT 1) m;

Few queries of this.
Insert INTO TABLE tbl2 select row_number() over(), * from tbl1 WHERE ID > 63;

select row_number() over() as colvals from tbl1 order by colvals desc LIMIT 1;

Insert INTO TABLE tbl2 select 9+row_number() over(), * from tbl1 WHERE ID > 64;

Row_Number() and Rank() functions

ROW_NUMBER: TThis function will provide a unique number to each row in resultset based on the ORDER BY clause within the PARTITION. For example, if we want to assign row_number to each fname, which is also partitioned by IP address in the sales dataset, the query would be:

hive> select fname,ip,ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY ip ) as rownum from sales;



RANK: It is similar to ROW_NUMBER, but the equal rows are ranked with the same number. For example, if we use RANK in the previous query instead of ROW_NUM

hive> select fname,ip,RANK() OVER (ORDER BY ip) as ranknum, RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY ip order by fname ) from sales ;





Source: https://www.packtpub.com/mapt/book/big_data_and_business_intelligence/9781782161080/6/ch06lvl1sec75/analytics-functions-in-hive

https://codingsight.com/similarities-and-differences-among-rank-dense_rank-and-row_number-functions/

Accessing data from complex data types in Hive:

Complex data types like Array, Map, Struct, Union are also known as collections in Hive.

{"requestId": null, "device": {"id": 112, "deviceId": "356211002789588, ""subscriberId": "5472789588, ""networkId": "501823551207399, ""make": "Default", "model": "DefaultClient"}, "job": {"id": 573055, "type": "SINGLE", "name": "Job--741417212", "primitive": "UpdateUnknownDeviceMakeAndModel"}, "startedOn": null, "queuedOn": 1518793352301, "endedOn": 1518793352320, "retries": 0, "status": "SUCCESS", "subStatus": "SUCCESS", "faultString": null, "response": [{"name": "[status]", "value": "SUCCESS"},{"name": "[status2]", "value": "SUCCESS2"},{"name": "[status3]", "value": "SUCCESS3"}]}

Fetching individual values from an array of strings in key value pairs:

Complex column types are:

`device`struct<id:bigint,deviceid:string,make:string,model:string> 
and 
`response` array<struct<name:string,value:string>>)

select abc_exttbl.device.id from abc_exttbl;
select abc_exttbl.response from abc_exttbl;

select abc_exttbl.response[0].name from abc_exttbl;

select abc_exttbl.response[0].value from abc_exttbl;

select abc_exttbl.response[1].value from abc_exttbl;

Get the lenght of elements in an array.
select size(abc_exttbl.response) from abc_exttbl;

Analytical functions in Hive

Analytics functions

• RANK
• ROW_NUMBER
• DENSE_RANK
• CUME_DIST
• PERCENT_RANK
• NTILE

Eg:

select pat_id, 
dept_id, 
ins_amt, 
row_number() over (order by ins_amt) as rn, 
rank() over (order by ins_amt ) as rk, 
dense_rank() over (order by ins_amt ) as dense_rk 
from patient;
OVER with standard aggregates:
COUNT
SUM
MIN
MAX
AVG
select pat_id, 
dept_id, 
count(*) over (partition by dept_id order by dept_id asc) as pat_cnt 
from patient;

Windowing functions

LEAD

LAG

FIRST_VALUE

LAST_VALUE

Eg:
select pat_id, 
dept_id, 
ins_amt, 
lead(ins_amt,1,0) over (partition by dept_id order by dept_id asc ) as lead_ins_amt, 
lag(ins_amt,1,0) over (partition by dept_id order by dept_id asc ) as lag_ins_amt 
from patient;

partition by works as creating a window for the specified column. In the above case a window set will be created for the same values of dept_id.

Reference:https://dwgeek.com/hadoop-hive-analytic-functions-examples.html/
Conditional Functions


http://dwgeek.com/hadoop-hive-conditional-functions-if-case-coalesce-nvl-decode.html/



Few scenarios on null:




1. select c1 + c2 from tbl1;  //This adds NUMBERS in c1 and c2 columns



if c2 = NULL then result is NULL



2. CASE(NULL == NULL)

return 'yes'

else 'No'



returns No as NULL == NULL  will not be equal to 1